I think it’s pretty common knowledge amongst those of us who have ever belonged to a social networking website that there are people online who have something against you, whether it’s a legitimate complaint or that they just don’t like you. So let’s say someone says something about you online that is derogatory, maybe outright mean. It sucks and your feelings might be hurt for about five minutes, but then someone sends you a link to a youtube video of a cat sneezing and the butthurt passes.
But let’s say you are wound way too tight to just let this shit go. What do you do? You threaten to sue, of course! Now first off, for the sake of argument, we’re going to completely ignore the fact that bringing libel and slander cases against private citizens is essentially using the first amendment as your personal toilet paper and look deeper into this. Can we really get sued for telling a person that they are flat out crazy on the internet? Buckle in and let me use the combination of my e-lawyering and google-fu to find out.
Well first off, the theoretical plaintiff in this situation wants us to believe she’s already had two attorneys say that there’s grounds for a libel lawsuit based on the whole twitter drama and the fact that she was called out for acting totally fucking insane. As a precursor to this, let me remind you that libel and slander are specific branches of a “defamation” lawsuit. [Note: for proof/examples of what was said in the exchange please check the links at the end of the article. All sources are linked.]
So potentially libelous, huh? Let’s take a look at the definition of libel (from cyberlibel.com):
"a publication without justification or lawful excuse which is calculated to injure the reputation of another by exposing him to hatred, contempt or ridicule." (Parke, B. in Parmiter v. Coupland (1840) GM&W 105 at 108)
One could make an argument, though not a very strong one in my opinion, that Kia has been exposed to hatred, contempt, or ridicule. So we’ll give her that half of the definition. That first part of the definition though is the most important in this case- “without justification or lawful excuse”. Our lawful excuse would be private citizens (NOT a corporation and NOT even Buzznet.com) exercising their right to free speech. Our justification would be that she has also made remarks that border on harassment before any publication was made that could even be considered remotely libelous in a court of law. These remarks include (but sadly are not limited to) claiming that a Buzznet user was not really gay and another user was not really transsexual because they were trying to be “trendy”, calling one Buzznet user “fat” and another a “crack whore” and referring to the users who called her out as “Nazis” (Where’s Godwin’s Law when you need it?). It should be pointed out that emails have been the source of libel lawsuits before, but from the little details there are I glean that the emails were calculated threats intended to destroy someone’s reputation in the world—not to state an opinion.
Now that we’ve established that this would make the world’s flimsiest case of libel and therefore any attorney in their right mind would not attempt to do so without largely skewing the facts first, we must take a look at the other side of libel—slander. So, what is slander? The important difference to remember here is that in a libel suit, damages of some kind are PRESUMED to have taken place. In a slander lawsuit, there’s none of that presumption. You have to prove some kind of other damage went on except in the following four circumstances (quote from cyberlibel.com):
• the words charged that the plaintiff committed a criminal offence
• the words impute that the plaintiff has certain contagious diseases, or
• the words impute unchastity or adultery to any woman or girl, or
• the words are calculated disparage the plaintiff in any office profession, trade, calling or business held or carried on by him at the time of the publication.
There’s the difference, now here’s the definition of slander broken down further (from uslegal.com):
Slander is the oral communication of false statements that are harmful to a person's reputation. If the statements are proven to be true, it is a complete defense to a charge of slander. Oral opinions that don't contain statements of fact don't constitute slander. Slander is an act of communication that causes someone to be shamed, ridiculed, held in contempt, lowered in the estimation of the community, or to lose employment status or earnings or otherwise suffer a damaged reputation[…]The basic elements of a claim of slander include;
1. a defamatory statement;
2. published to third parties;
and 3. which the speaker or publisher knew or should have known was false.
So can this count as slander? My answer is a pretty firm no. Firstly, slander is defined as “oral” communication, and the communication in this case was not oral. The IT Law Wikia says that “online defamation is generally considered to be libel.” While there is legal precedence under general defamation lawsuits to force an anonymous blogger’s identity to be revealed for the sake of bringing a case against the blogger, this isn’t a case of unknown identity. Even if it was, there are other instances where the court ruled that there was insufficient grounds for the names behind the pseudonyms to be released. In the former case, it was determined that there were not enough assertions considered to be actual facts to have the statements be proven or disproven. Calling someone “crazy” or even a “bitch” still counts as opinion, not a fact or a piece of information that the publisher should have known was false.
This brings us the worrisome concept that Buzznet could be in legal trouble for allowing these posts. Let’s explore this using current law governing owners/operators of boards and websites, again with the help of cyberlibel.com:
- If the defamer is a disreputable publication or person, the statement could simply be treated with contempt, to avoid further republication.
- A computer network service is not a "periodical", which would require an opportunity for retraction under the defamation statute of Wisconsin. (In the Cards Inc. v. Fuschetto 193 Wis.2d 429, 535 N.W.2d 11 C.A.).
- Owners and/or operators of a network of computers are liable for defamatory material which they write and publish on the network, or receive from third parties and cause to be published on the network. Consequently, a corporation could be vicariously liable for statements published by employees.
- If a third party publishes defamatory material on the network and the material is then retransmitted via the network, the owner and/or operator of the network may be liable, but only if:
- they or their agents knew that the material was defamatory; or
- they or their agents had reason to be suspicious that some or all of the material was defamatory. The nature and previous history of the newsgroup or mailing group where the defamatory material was posted, the previous history of the person posting the message, and reading the defamatory material are all factors which might spark the suspicions of network owners and/or operators.
Well, I don’t know if Buzznet counts as a disreputable publication, firstly, and secondly, since the company is based in Los Angeles they are not subject to Wisconsin statutes. Now Buzznet could only theoretically be held liable for what Mark said, as an employee of theirs. The original blog that has been the target of the world’s most ridiculous defamation threat was user-generated content. The blog would only be removed if something blatantly illegal was posted (such as pictures of someone engaging in illegal activities or making genuine threats) or violated the terms of service. I don’t know the TOS by heart (though it is easily accessible) but even the clause about not harassing other uses would not apply because if this could even be considered harassment, the user had since been banned from Buzznet and their accounts either frozen or removed. Even if the blog violated the site’s personal Terms of Use, there’s no legal obligation for them to remove it unless ordered to by a ruling. Now that we’ve established Buzznet is not liable for the blog, it’s easy to judge whether or not they’d be liable for anything Mark has said. We need to discern whether anything Mark said was in fact grounds for libel. The provided screenshots lead me to argue “no”—especially considering that Kia was the first to make statements that could be construed as defamatory (so there would be grounds even if libel had occurred). Ergo, since Mark did not commit any clear act of libel Buzznet is not responsible and therefore has no legal obligation to remove the blog, fire him, or do anything outside of normal operations.
As to whether or not his remarks could still get him fired by Buzznet acting outside of a legal obligation, it depends on the terms of his contract. However, I am guessing that Buzznet would not let go one of their most recognized and liked community managers, one who has consistently provided good content over the years he has been at the company and who many people would likely leave the site over if fired.
The final thing I want to go over is something that Kia mentions specifically in her twitter called “IC3”. IC3, according to their website, is a partnership (though she referred to it as a law) between the FBI, the National White Collar Crime Center and the Bureau of Justice Assistance whose purpose is to “to serve as a vehicle to receive, develop, and refer criminal complaints regarding the rapidly expanding arena of cyber crime. The IC3 gives the victims of cyber crime a convenient and easy-to-use reporting mechanism that alerts authorities of suspected criminal or civil violations.” The IC3 has dealt from everything from hacking to Intellectual Property theft to scams and frauds. There is absolutely no indication that they deal with any sort of libel or slander issues; the complaint forms one can fill out on the site are for victims of fraud.
In short, Kia has no real basis for a defamation suit, and if she does manage to hire a lawyer risky enough to take the case, it would likely be thrown out by a judge without so much as a peep from the defense. It will probably never make it past an initial consultation with an attorney because there’s no clear-cut defendant to be charged in this situation, as I have explained. So the moral of the story is this—it’s really hard to sue someone for saying something about you that you don’t like on the internet. It’s even harder if you’ve proved time and time again you’re willing to stoop far lower than them in a vain attempt to make an impact.
Examples of The Exchange/Drama:
The Open Letter to Kia written by bznetgossipgrl
One screencap courtesy kasperobscence
Bznetgossipgirl's twitter
(Other sources may come as I collect them)